A Nigerian man celebrates receiving N36 million from Twitter through ads revenue sharing.

According to a report by Punch on September 2nd, 2023, a Nigerian man named Logik, with the Twitter handle #iamlogikk, expressed his joy after receiving a payment of N36,858,567 from the app ads revenue sharing program introduced by Elon Musk. Logik shared screenshots of the payment statistics on his Twitter page and captioned the post with "36m... God bless Elon Musk." This payment plan was initially launched in the United States of America in July and has recently been extended to verified global users with Twitter Blue subscribers. Additionally, a few Nigerian content creators on the microblogging app have also started receiving payments.

How To Start Fish Farming

How To Start Fish Farming In Nigeria And Other African Countries

DARLINTON OMEH   

There are so many information on the internet on how to start fish farming especially catfish farming but few are detailed enough to really assist aspiring fish farmer to get started. I will be endeavor to make this article as detailed as possible and hope that other experienced fish farmer will add to it as we try to answer people’s questions through commenting.

One of the most popular farming in Nigeria is fish farming and for good reasons. Gone are the days when the only means of getting fish is by catching it in the local rivers and ponds through trial and errors. Today, the modern farm practice has made it possible to grow fish in the farms and control the input. Matured Catfish, Ready For Market | WealthResult.com If you are thinking of business to start now, I recommend you start Catfish Farming . If you are an existing farmer and you are looking for expanding your farm capacity, I’d encourage you add fish farming to your farm. Fish farming (especially catfish) is most compatible with poultry farming as you can use the poultry drops to make the feeds for your fish.

Benefits Of Fish Farming

• Fishery products is by far the most popular animal products in the market, constituting more than 60% of meat products in the Nigerian market alone.
• Fish is one of the highest source of protein. Fish is a low-fat high quality protein that is filled with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins such as D and B2 (riboflavin). Fish is also very rich in calcium and phosphorus and is equally a great source of minerals, such as iron, zinc, iodine, magnesium, and potassium.
• Fish sells faster than any other animal products in the market and is relatively cheaper than meats, making it the number one choice when it comes to affordability.
• Fish grows very fast as practices in fish farming makes it possible for farmers to increase the fastness of their fish growth by giving them certain feeds, ensuring that you harvest and sell within short period of time.
• Fish is the biggest source of Omega-3 fatty acids which is extremely beneficial to human heart; Omega-3 helps to keep our heart and brain very healthy. Since bodies don’t produce Omega-3 fatty acids, the only source through which we can get it is by what we eat, that is where fish comes to the rescue.
• Fish farming is very profitable. With proper planning and good management, N3 million investment in fish farming could easily result to N4 million of pure profit within six months.
• Fish farm does not cause any environmental hazard. Unlike poultry farming, you can setup fish farm anywhere, including residential areas. If you have a specious compound, you can easily setup a small fish farm within your backyard without any regulatory precaution.

Risks And Challenges In Fish Farming

• Fish is very sensitive to manage and a slight mistake could result to degenerated growth of your fish or even death which may cause massive revenue loss.
• Setting up fish farm is capital intensive, much more than that of poultry and snail farming. Setting up fish farm requires more careful planning and much capital input. A relatively small fish farm may take up to N500,000 to setup, while bigger ones takes millions of naira.
• Due to the cost of production, fish produced from the farm is priced higher than those caught from the rivers and ponds by fishermen. Therefore, if there are good quantity of fisherman’s fish in the market, you may find it difficult to sell as people would prefer the cheaper ones.

There is no byproduct in fishery unlike poultry where even the drop can be harvested and sold to other farmers and make extra profit. In fishery, all you get is the flesh.
Types Of Fish You Can Farm Haven seen the benefits as well as the risks involved in fish farming, let’s now proceed to decide which specie of fish we want to farm. Below are some of the most popular fish species that is suitable for Aquaculture.

• Cat Fish – Even though Catfish is not the most popular fish in Nigeria, this fish species is by far the most cultivated in Nigeria. One thing good about catfish is that it is one of the easiest fish species to cultivate. So, people naturally flow to the direction of fish specie they found to be the easiest to cultivate.
• Tilapia – Second most popular fish in Nigeria’s aquaculture industry, Tilapia is a fish species that lives in fresh shallow water. Tilapia is very easy to cultivate and very popular in Nigerian market, it reproduces very rapidly and grows fast too.
• Mackerel (Titus) – This is by far the most popular fish in Nigerian market but so sad it’s not farmed. All Mackerel Fish are “wild caught” but some farmer in Nigeria are considering the possibility of creating artificial salty water that will be similar to sea water where mackerel can only survive. Can this deep blue sea fish specie be cultivated artificially? Only time will tell but for now, you have to focus your attention to Catfish and Tilapia.

What You Need To Get Started In Fish Farming

1. Secure a Land – Any location is good since fish doesn’t cause any environmental disturbance. Look for land where you can get it cheap and buy. Depending on the capacity you wants to operate on, half plot of land is just good enough for average fish farm. However, you may go for something bigger like full plot or two if you can afford it probably for convenience sake. If you already have a compound with leftover space you thing can accommodate two or three ponds, you may use it.
2. Construct Ponds – You need to engage the service of expert pond construction engineer or you go to another fish farm to get the specification and construction requirements. The plumbing work must be properly done to ensure proper drainage. Example of local fish ponds in Nigeria
3. Dig a Borehole – Adequate water supply is the lifeblood of fish farm and lack of it may result to disaster because water need to be changed on regular interval. Naturally available sources of water such as borehole and river water is the most suitable. Rain water and tap water from chemically treated source is not recommended for fish cultivation.
4. Overhead Tank – This is the water reservoir from which water is supplied to your ponds. This tank has to be connected to your ponds through plumbing system to make it convenient for water to flow into your ponds when needed.
5. Juvenile Fish – Get your juvenile from another farm that specializes in supplying it. You need to go for the high yield specie of catfish or tilapia and make sure you are getting it from a healthy farm.
6. Get Training – Not the kind of training you get from one day seminars; you need to get attached to a fish farm for proper apprenticeship. For you to properly learn this trade, you need at least two months training on this. Remember that your investment is at stake, trial and error is not good in business except you have unlimited funds to experiment with.

Feasibility Study For Standard Fish Farming

I found the analysis below and decided to add it as sample case study you can follow. “This feasibility study prepared for a catfish farm capacity of 10,000 and fingerlings of high breed catfish where to be stocked. The expenses from pond construction to marketing is considered. The farm is to have 10 concrete ponds of flow through system and each pond is to contains 1,000 stocked catfish.

Cost of constructing each pond is as follows.

1. Each pond is 3m x 2.5m by 1.4m, each pond consumes 210 blocks and each bag of cement for 30 blocks. Hence 210 x 10 = 2,100 blocks. 2,100/30 = 70 bags of cement needed. 2000 x 70 = 140,000 naira. 4trips of sand used =7,000×4 = N28,000 2trips of gravel = 32,000x 2 = N64,00
2. Cost of labour = N150,00
3. Cost of plumbing (inlet and outlet facility) = N100,000.
4. Cost of bore hole = N150,000.
5. Cost of treatment = N50,000.
6. Cost of high breed fingerlings 30×10,000 = N300,000.
7. Cost of feeding from day one to maturity stage is 200 bags of foreign feed = N1,000,000.

After the average weight of the fish was 1.7kg. And it was sold at 800 naira each. The output was 800×9800 fishes, due to 200 mortality. 800 x 9800 = N7,840,000 . Input is N3.25’million. The profit is N4.59 million after six months of culture.” Following this cost analysis, you can easily invest N3 million and expect a massive turnover of N4 million with six months it will take for you to harvest and sell. There is no doubt that fish farming is very lucrative and profitable business in Nigeria. You need to get it right by drawing complete business plan and following it to the later. You need to apply good management skills and follow the acceptable standard. If you do all these, you are sure to make good profit from your fish farming business in Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa. Ask questions or share your experience in fish business with us through comment below.

How to bake Chin-chin

Chin chin is a beloved West African pastry that can serve as a snack or a sweet, depending on how it is made. Chin chin holds a special place in the hearts and stomachs of West Africans, as I have seen by the amount of searches and discussion it generates. There are about as many recipes for chin chin as there are ethnic groups in Nigeria - a lot! The ingredients and variations are endless.

Some of you like the hard, crunchy type, others swear by a softer, lighter recipe. You might season your chin chin with oranges and cinnamon, or with nutmeg, or just enjoy the plain buttery flavour. Common ground is that this is a pastry of flour, eggs, milk, butter, salt and sugar. It might have baking soda, but if you like the hard and crunchy type you should leave that out. It is deep fried in oil, a step that seems to be non-negotiable.
Shaping is also a personalized preference. The no-frills shape is simply to cut the dough into 1/2 inch squares and fry it. The fancier and authentic method is poking a hole in the dough and pulling one end through, to form a knot. This is easy and fast once you get the hang of it.
Ingredients
2 1 ⁄ 2 cups white flour
2 ⁄ 3 cup sugar
1 ⁄ 2 teaspoon salt
1 ⁄ 4 teaspoon baking powder, if desired
2 eggs
5 Tablespoons butter, cold
2 Tablespoons milk
4 cups vegetable or peanut oil, for frying

Preparation
1. In a large bowl, mix together flour, sugar, salt and baking powder if you are using.
2. Cut the cold butter into small pieces and add to dry ingredients. Cut butter in with a pastry blender until it is blended in well.
3. In a small bowl, mix together eggs and milk. Make a well in the center of the dry ingredients and pour egg and milk mixture in.
4. Mix with a fork and then knead with your hands, turning the mixture out onto a counter and kneading until it forms a solid dough. The dough will be very stiff.
5. Roll out dough to 1 ⁄ 4 inch thick, using a small amount of flour if you need to keep it from sticking. Cut out your chin chin using one of the following methods:
Cut dough into strips about 1 ⁄ 2 wide, and then again crosswise into 1 ⁄ 2 strips, to make small
1 ⁄ 2 inch squares, ready for frying.
Or, cut dough into 2 inch squares. Cut each square diagonally to form a triangle. With your finger, poke a small hole in the center of the triangle and pull one of the corners through the hole gently. The last picture below is the knot flipped over on its other side.

If you are having trouble with this method, try chilling your dough for about half an hour, until it becomes more firm. You can do this after the triangles are cut, just transfer them to a cookie sheet and refrigerate.

6. Heat oil in a large heavy (preferably cast iron) pot until it reaches a temp of 350°F. You can do this while cutting the chin chin shapes.

7. Fry chin chin in batches until golden brown. The small squares will only take about 5 minutes, the triangles slightly longer, and will need to be turned once.

Reference: Africanchop

Make Money From Scrap Metal Business

Scrap is a term used to describe used and recyclable materials left over from every manner of product such as parts of vehicles {metal, tyre etc}, paper, nylon , computer parts etc. Often confused as waste, scrap in fact has significant monetary value. Scraps are articles that are not wanted but are of
some value for the material they are made of and metal scraps are useful because of the iron they contain. Examples of metal scrap includes automobile parts, ship parts, industrial parts, building parts and household parts that metal can be extracted from.
Metal scrap can be basically classified into two categories namely HMS {Heavy Melting Scrap} and Used Rails. HMS can be further divided into two groups namely HMS 1 and HMS 1 & 2 depending on the composition of the heaviness of the scraps.
Metal scrap trading in Nigeria is very lucrative in the sense that the demand for the product outweighs the supply. The nation’s national steel consumption rate which is presently estimated at 2,000,000 MT annually is been meet through the recycling of metal scraps due to the fact that our mining sector in comatose thereby making demand exceed supply.

How to Make Millions From Scrap Metal and Aluminum Supply in Nigeria
Are you aware that Scrap Metal and Aluminum Supply Business in Nigeria is a huge goldmine? What usually comes to your mind whenever you see those young boys mostly from the Northern hunting for scrap metal and aluminum in your neighborhood? You always say in your mind "what an hungry scavengers"? My brother, you
better think again! Those guys you see as hungry are in reality making serious dough while you are there whining in pity. You don't have to roll yourselves in dirty to be in this business. You can do it in corporate way if you like but the important thing is that you are going to make plenty of money. So, drop whatever you are doing right now and come close to me, I want to show you exactly how to do this business and make N400,000 monthly without staining your cloths.

If you can gather metal, copper, or aluminum in good quantity through any reasonable means, be sure of good money. You wouldn't even need to transport is because the companies you supply will come picking it themselves. Yours is to take your profit after sales. The metal is measured in weight and each weight has a given price.
Below are the prices:

1 Ton of metal = N35,000 - N40,000
10 Tons or Trailer load of metal = N350,000 - N400,000
1 Ton of Aluminum = N130,000
10 Tons of Aluminum = N1,300,000

The following companies buys this materials in great quantity at anytime of the year. All you have to do is to get them in quantity and call their attention to it, they will come over for it or you take it to them if you like.
METAL RECYCLING INDUSTRIES LIMITED - has now installed a state of the art, METAL RECYCLING and SMELTING Plant in OGUN STATE of the FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF
NIGERIA with a capacity of handling over 100 Metric Tons of Metals per day. The Factory is located at SHAGAMU – IKORODU Road in Ogijo Dist where land was
purchased, the factory building and infrastructure set up, Machinery and Equipment of a most modern processing and Smelting plant imported, installed.

Nigerian Foundries Limited Head Quarters &:Otta Plant . Nigerian Foundries Ltd (NFL) is the leading ferrous foundry group in sub-sahara (excluding South Africa) with a total installed capacity of 8,500 metric tons per year. It has two plants, one in Ilupeju Lagos State and one at Sango-Otta, Ogun State. NFL started as a small grey iron foundry at Ilupeju in 1969 by the Barberopoulos brothers making municipal castings and water pipeline fittings. Km-38 Lagos-Abeokuta Expressway, Lynson Chemical Avenue, Sango-Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.

You need to get some hands to assist you in this business. Recruit some young and jobless boys in your community and engage them in scavenging the material while you pay them some amount of money. It could be in 30/70% formula - you take 30% while they take 70%. This way, they'd be in business and you will be
making good money off them. You will need a Scrapyard. That is a place where the metal and aluminum are converged for onward supply. A piece of land will do for this. Once you have your team of boys and a place to gather your metals together, you are good to go. There is absolutely no other things required, just as simple as these.

Comment From Dadojo

There is another dimension to it. Some of us may not really have the time to go about looking for scrap. The higher dimension is in the form of environmental protection, liasing with the ministry of environment of your respective states to rid the state of harmful environmental waste. You will agree with me that along major highways, we have abandoned acident vehicles, some totally burnt, others destroyed beyond
repair. Ideally, a govt agency ought to remove these vehicles from the road but they don't. That is where a business comes in. Remember I said earlier that when a society is disorganized, it presents opportunities for enterprising individuals to make money.
PRICES OF SCRAP METALS IN NIGERIA
A standard saloon car weighs between 1000kg to 1500kg (between 1 ton - 1.5tons) with the tires, engines and other accessories. When these vehicles get accidents and are left on the road, they are either vandalised or burnt. Their weight reduces. The worst possible scenerio is their weight reducing to
800kg ie without accessories. This is about the weight of the Unclad car itself.
Scrap metal buyers usually buy a kilogram for between ₦70 to ₦180. I believe the steel companies themselves will buy a kilogram for up ₦250. So it depends on who you would want to deal with directly, either the third party buyers or the steel companies themselves. Now since the frame of a vehicle itself will weigh upto 800kg, it therefore means that if you are going to sell one abandoned vehicle frame, you will be making between ₦56,000 to ₦200,000 per vehicle. That is to tell you the wealth lying waste on our highways and in most mechanic workshops. Have you ever wondered where the old beetle vehicles (tortoise cars) are? Vehicles of 1960s, 1970s, those old model peugeout vehicles, where have they all been taken to? Nobody drives them anymore, yet we do not see them litter our

mechanic workshops or in the compound of most old men. They have all been removed and sold to our steel companies for raw cash.
Although there are still a few of them in the premises of some old folks who may want to keep those vehicles for history sake. When next you pass through a neighborhood and see one rickety vehicle parked beside a house, simply smile and tell yourself I am returning for that! Find some cash and approach the landlord or the owner of the vehicle, offer to pay him to remove the vehicle from his compound or simply tell him you are a mechanical engineering student (No lie o) trying to find out the working principles of old vehicles.
Once you get permission, simply call the nearest available towing van to tow the car to your Store site. You've just earned for yourself some thousands. Get five of these vehicles and you are already approaching the Millionaire threshold. You will find more of these abandoned vehicles along our highways, even in police stations. Technically, they have become no Man's property. But to avoid stories that touch, it is advisable to get approval to clear our highways of accidented vehicles. In fact, registering an N.G.O for this purpose will guarantee you of speedy approval by any government you approach to seek permission
from (Although some of those vehicles may be insured). Traveling from Warri to portharcout for instance, you should find more than 5 vehicles along the road, inside the bush waiting for you to come get it. That is approximately 260k to 1M waiting for you to have it all to yourself. Before you travel through to about 5 states, I can guarantee, you would have seen not less than 10 vehicles along the highway. Think on this and innovate by putting your signature to what I have just said. Wealth abounds only those with the eyes of the mind can see it.

Reference:  Practical businessideas

HOW TO PRODUCE HAIR CREAM

PRODUCTION/MANUFACTURE OF HAIR CREAM
There are different types of hair cream as there are different hair types. I have designed this lesson to help you start up the production of hair cream with simple chemicals (ingredients) combination to meet at least, the basic need of any type of hair.

MATERIALS REQUIRED
1.Petroleum jelly.........1/4 kg
2.Paraffin oil.................1/2 litre
3.Stearic acid................1 spoon
4.Linolin........................1 spoonful
5.glycerin......................2-4 spoonsful
6.Colourant...................as desired
7.Perfume......................,,     ,,

PROCEDURE
1. Put the petroleum jelly and paraffin oil in a dry clean pot and apply heat
2. Add stearic acid and linolin oil, allow to melt,mix together until it blends properly.
3. Add the colourant and stir.
4. Turn off the heat and allow to cool a little (like 3 minutes), then add glycerin and the fragrance. Mix together until it blends properly.
5. Finally, pour into containers of your choice.

ENHANCERS
You can add the following ingredients to enhance the quality of your hair:
1. Coconut oil
2. Aloevera gel
3. Jojoba oil
4.Shea butter
This will give you an amazing hair food.

Reference:  Practicalbusinessideas

Tie and Dye Lesson 2

we chose to use one color per garment, rather than multiple colors that are so often seen. You can also use colored garments and use a contrasting dye color to achieve the same results.

What You Need:
various colors of fabric dye (available in the housewares department)
rubber bands
rubber gloves
marbles
tap water
garments such as t-shirts, cotton shorts, old jeans, etc.
What You Do:
Begin by rubberbanding your garment according to the design you wish to achieve. See the pictures below followed by the method in which to reach that result.
sunburst
lines
circles
marble and several rubber bands
rubber bands only
marble and one rubber band
Prepare dye according to package directions. Be sure to wear rubber gloves to protect your hands! Dye can be just as damaging as bleach to your unprotected skin. Please take the proper safety precautions recommended.
Once your garment is ready, place in the dye for at least 15-20 minutes. The longer the garment remains in the dye, the darker and deeper the color will become. Remove from the dye and rinse according to package directions, usually in cold running water. Ring out garment until water runs clear.
Carefully remove rubber bands and marbles to reveal your new design! No design will be the same as another and different effects can be reached by combining the different methods mentioned above. See below for our results and be sure to have a good time!
I used Rit dye, but I used the powdered kind. You mix the powder with cold tap water. The shirts only stayed in for 15 minutes at the longest. The pictures were taken when the shirts were still wet, so that may show them a bit richer in color. But they still came out nice, even after drying in the clothes dryer.

How to Tie-Dye Using the Bucket Method

Tie-dyeing is based on the traditional art of folding or tying fabric to create resists that stop the dye from being absorbed into parts of the fabric, thereby forming unique patterns of color. Often people use tie-dye to create a design on white fabric. Using the bucket method is a quick way to tie-dye several items at one time

You’ll Need

Item(s) to dye, usually something white

Rit Dye, liquid or powder
Hot Water
Rubber Bands
3-gallon container for each dye color
Salt or white vinegar
Large metal spoon
Rubber gloves
Scissors
Paper towels
Plastic table cover
Old towels
Cleanser or Bleach
Step by Step
1. Protect your work surface with a plastic table cover.
2. For best results, prewash and dry item to remove any finishes that may interfere with dye absorption.
3. Select your dye colors. One to three colors can be used. When using more than one color, it’s usually best to start with the lightest color.
4. When tie-dyeing with two or more colors, it’s best to put adjacent primary colors (red, yellow, blue) or secondary colors (orange, green, purple) next to each other. In the areas where they run together, they will create a third, great-looking color. For instance, Scarlet and Golden Yellow will produce Orange; Royal Blue and Kelly Green will make Aqua; Fuchsia and Royal Blue will create Purple.
5. There are many ways to create tie-dye patterns and designs. For example, to create a basic marbleized tie-dye design, scrunch fabric into a ball and wrap it with rubber bands in different directions. The tighter the fabric is wrapped, the more white areas there will be. To make stripes , fold the fabric vertically or diagonally, like an accordion or fan, in 2” to 3” wide folds. Wrap with rubber bands every 2” – 3” or as desired.
6. Prepare all the dye baths before starting to tie-dye. Wear rubber gloves before handling dye. They prevent colorful fingers and offer protection from the hot water in the dye bath.
7. Shake all liquid dye bottles before pouring the dye. Measure and mix ½ cup liquid dye in about 2 – 3 gallons very hot water (at least 140ºF). If using powder dye, dissolve 1 box in 2 cups very hot water; stir well before adding to water. If water is not hot enough, heat water in a tea kettle or the microwave. The hotter the dye bath, the stronger the colors will be. For dark or bright colors, double the amount of dye used. Note: If dyeing multiple items at once, the amount of dye and water should be increased based on the weight of the shirts. As a guideline, 1 bottle of dye or 2 boxes of powder will color up to 2 pounds of dry weight fabric (about 6 – 8 size small t-shirts).
8. For cotton fabrics, add 1 cup of salt to each dye bath to help intensify the color. For silk, wool or nylon, add 1 cup white vinegar. Stir well to be sure salt or vinegar is dissolved.
9. To begin, immerse your wrapped fabric in the lightest color dye bath for 4 to 10 minutes or as long as 30 minutes, stirring occasionally. The longer the fabric is in the dye bath, the darker the color will be. Remove when the color is a little darker than desired (color looks darker when fabric is wet).
10. If desired, continue dipping wrapped fabric in another color or unwrap fabric, cutting rubber bands. Rinse well in cool water, squeeze out excess water and wrap again. Then immerse in the next darkest color. Repeat until you have used all your colors.
11. Remove fabric from dye bath. Using scissors, carefully cut away the rubber bands. Rinse in cool water until water runs clear.
12. Wash garment in warm water with mild detergent. Rinse thoroughly in cool water. Gently squeeze out excess water by rolling shirt in a clean old towel. Machine dry or hang to dry.
13. Clean-up work surface and dye utensils using soap and bleach or cleanser.

Reference: theRITstudio

Catfish Farming

Catfish farming consists of two most important types, which could either be operated separately or as an integrated process. The two divisions are the Nursery Fish farming and the Grow Out Fish Farming. The grow out fish farming is dependent of the nursery fish farming because you can’t grow fish without the nursery. But, like I said, they can be operated separately by two different farmers.

The nursery involves the inducement of the female fish to lay eggs, which are then fertilized, incubated and hatched. Those little fishes are know as fries. These fries are then nurtured from between three and four weeks into fingerlings which is the size suitable for use in the Grow Out farming. A catfish farming is a major investment operation. And so, starting one needs careful consideration. In between the nursery and grow out operation is what we referred to as the primary operation. It involves the nurturing of the three or four weeks within which they could grow into post fingerlings, mini juveniles and juveniles respectively. These can then be nurtured for between four to five month into grow out or table size fish suitable for sale and consumption. Going into catfish farming involves the following

• Land For Catfish Farming
This is very important. One has to acquire at least half plot of land in a suitable location. This means, you must consider good access road, closeness to market and labor. If the land is already available, it is good. Then we apportion it as follows:
1. Location of ponds
2. Location of farm house
3. Location of water supply and lastly, location of drainage facility. The last point is very important, as you don’t drain your water to constitute public nuisance.
• Pond Planning
Here, one has to determine whether one wants to go into a big or small-scale commercial venture, secondly, the pond system to adopt, Re-circulatory system, earthen pond or concrete/plastic pond or both. Once the pond was dug and the area has been developed, there is nothing one can do to undo the work and recover the cost. And so, extensive evaluation must be done by someone planning to start a catfish farm before he finally decides whether it is wise for him to pursue the project. Construction Considerations Where should the pond be located? Does the site have enough supply of quality water (from wells or springs)? There are minimum water flow rate requirements in building a pond for a catfish. Will the source meet them? Employ professionals to test whether the water supply volume and flow rate meets standard requirements. Is the water supply suitable for catfish farming? Try growing a few catfish using water taken from the target source. Is the area suitable for pond construction in terms of soil composition and permeability? Ideal soil for pond construction is one with good compaction property. One resource you can run to check on this is your local soil management office. Catfish farming will require some water movement. Will you be able to obtain permits and other necessary licenses for the operation?
• Water Supply Source
The best water for catfish farming is from bore hole. One or two must be sunk to guarantee steady water supply. Overhead tanks for holding water should also be installed. The mechanism of pumping of water must be back up facility. The system must not fail.
• Pond Construction

It is advisable to engage the service of a consultant. The success or failure of this project depends largely on construction of standard ponds that can stand the test of time. Pond Design And Construction One major consideration in designing a pond for catfish production is the flatness or steepness of the area and the source of water supply. For a generally flat area that has access to a well, a levee pond could be built. Watershed ponds are built for steeper areas near a natural source of water. The depth of the pond is also crucial as this influences the availability of oxygen for the fish. And so is the amount of fish per surface acre of water. Check catfish growing manuals for standards to adhere to.

For one to get the most profit for a catfish harvest, it is necessary to determine buyer requirements when planning the season’s production. Consider what buyers demand in terms of weight, frequency, size and price. One can sell the season’s harvest to fish processors or directly to consumers. The later results to greater return to the farmer.

Reference:Wealthresult

How To Start Fish Farming

How To Start Fish Farming In Nigeria And Other African Countries

DARLINTON OMEH   

There are so many information on the internet on how to start fish farming especially catfish farming but few are detailed enough to really assist aspiring fish farmer to get started. I will be endeavor to make this article as detailed as possible and hope that other experienced fish farmer will add to it as we try to answer people’s questions through commenting.

One of the most popular farming in Nigeria is fish farming and for good reasons. Gone are the days when the only means of getting fish is by catching it in the local rivers and ponds through trial and errors. Today, the modern farm practice has made it possible to grow fish in the farms and control the input. Matured Catfish, Ready For Market | WealthResult.com If you are thinking of business to start now, I recommend you start Catfish Farming . If you are an existing farmer and you are looking for expanding your farm capacity, I’d encourage you add fish farming to your farm. Fish farming (especially catfish) is most compatible with poultry farming as you can use the poultry drops to make the feeds for your fish.

Benefits Of Fish Farming

• Fishery products is by far the most popular animal products in the market, constituting more than 60% of meat products in the Nigerian market alone.
• Fish is one of the highest source of protein. Fish is a low-fat high quality protein that is filled with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins such as D and B2 (riboflavin). Fish is also very rich in calcium and phosphorus and is equally a great source of minerals, such as iron, zinc, iodine, magnesium, and potassium.
• Fish sells faster than any other animal products in the market and is relatively cheaper than meats, making it the number one choice when it comes to affordability.
• Fish grows very fast as practices in fish farming makes it possible for farmers to increase the fastness of their fish growth by giving them certain feeds, ensuring that you harvest and sell within short period of time.
• Fish is the biggest source of Omega-3 fatty acids which is extremely beneficial to human heart; Omega-3 helps to keep our heart and brain very healthy. Since bodies don’t produce Omega-3 fatty acids, the only source through which we can get it is by what we eat, that is where fish comes to the rescue.
• Fish farming is very profitable. With proper planning and good management, N3 million investment in fish farming could easily result to N4 million of pure profit within six months.
• Fish farm does not cause any environmental hazard. Unlike poultry farming, you can setup fish farm anywhere, including residential areas. If you have a specious compound, you can easily setup a small fish farm within your backyard without any regulatory precaution.

Risks And Challenges In Fish Farming

• Fish is very sensitive to manage and a slight mistake could result to degenerated growth of your fish or even death which may cause massive revenue loss.
• Setting up fish farm is capital intensive, much more than that of poultry and snail farming. Setting up fish farm requires more careful planning and much capital input. A relatively small fish farm may take up to N500,000 to setup, while bigger ones takes millions of naira.
• Due to the cost of production, fish produced from the farm is priced higher than those caught from the rivers and ponds by fishermen. Therefore, if there are good quantity of fisherman’s fish in the market, you may find it difficult to sell as people would prefer the cheaper ones.

There is no byproduct in fishery unlike poultry where even the drop can be harvested and sold to other farmers and make extra profit. In fishery, all you get is the flesh.
Types Of Fish You Can Farm Haven seen the benefits as well as the risks involved in fish farming, let’s now proceed to decide which specie of fish we want to farm. Below are some of the most popular fish species that is suitable for Aquaculture.

• Cat Fish – Even though Catfish is not the most popular fish in Nigeria, this fish species is by far the most cultivated in Nigeria. One thing good about catfish is that it is one of the easiest fish species to cultivate. So, people naturally flow to the direction of fish specie they found to be the easiest to cultivate.
• Tilapia – Second most popular fish in Nigeria’s aquaculture industry, Tilapia is a fish species that lives in fresh shallow water. Tilapia is very easy to cultivate and very popular in Nigerian market, it reproduces very rapidly and grows fast too.
• Mackerel (Titus) – This is by far the most popular fish in Nigerian market but so sad it’s not farmed. All Mackerel Fish are “wild caught” but some farmer in Nigeria are considering the possibility of creating artificial salty water that will be similar to sea water where mackerel can only survive. Can this deep blue sea fish specie be cultivated artificially? Only time will tell but for now, you have to focus your attention to Catfish and Tilapia.

What You Need To Get Started In Fish Farming

1. Secure a Land – Any location is good since fish doesn’t cause any environmental disturbance. Look for land where you can get it cheap and buy. Depending on the capacity you wants to operate on, half plot of land is just good enough for average fish farm. However, you may go for something bigger like full plot or two if you can afford it probably for convenience sake. If you already have a compound with leftover space you thing can accommodate two or three ponds, you may use it.
2. Construct Ponds – You need to engage the service of expert pond construction engineer or you go to another fish farm to get the specification and construction requirements. The plumbing work must be properly done to ensure proper drainage. Example of local fish ponds in Nigeria
3. Dig a Borehole – Adequate water supply is the lifeblood of fish farm and lack of it may result to disaster because water need to be changed on regular interval. Naturally available sources of water such as borehole and river water is the most suitable. Rain water and tap water from chemically treated source is not recommended for fish cultivation.
4. Overhead Tank – This is the water reservoir from which water is supplied to your ponds. This tank has to be connected to your ponds through plumbing system to make it convenient for water to flow into your ponds when needed.
5. Juvenile Fish – Get your juvenile from another farm that specializes in supplying it. You need to go for the high yield specie of catfish or tilapia and make sure you are getting it from a healthy farm.
6. Get Training – Not the kind of training you get from one day seminars; you need to get attached to a fish farm for proper apprenticeship. For you to properly learn this trade, you need at least two months training on this. Remember that your investment is at stake, trial and error is not good in business except you have unlimited funds to experiment with.

Feasibility Study For Standard Fish Farming

I found the analysis below and decided to add it as sample case study you can follow. “This feasibility study prepared for a catfish farm capacity of 10,000 and fingerlings of high breed catfish where to be stocked. The expenses from pond construction to marketing is considered. The farm is to have 10 concrete ponds of flow through system and each pond is to contains 1,000 stocked catfish.

Cost of constructing each pond is as follows.

1. Each pond is 3m x 2.5m by 1.4m, each pond consumes 210 blocks and each bag of cement for 30 blocks. Hence 210 x 10 = 2,100 blocks. 2,100/30 = 70 bags of cement needed. 2000 x 70 = 140,000 naira. 4trips of sand used =7,000×4 = N28,000 2trips of gravel = 32,000x 2 = N64,00
2. Cost of labour = N150,00
3. Cost of plumbing (inlet and outlet facility) = N100,000.
4. Cost of bore hole = N150,000.
5. Cost of treatment = N50,000.
6. Cost of high breed fingerlings 30×10,000 = N300,000.
7. Cost of feeding from day one to maturity stage is 200 bags of foreign feed = N1,000,000.

After the average weight of the fish was 1.7kg. And it was sold at 800 naira each. The output was 800×9800 fishes, due to 200 mortality. 800 x 9800 = N7,840,000 . Input is N3.25’million. The profit is N4.59 million after six months of culture.” Following this cost analysis, you can easily invest N3 million and expect a massive turnover of N4 million with six months it will take for you to harvest and sell. There is no doubt that fish farming is very lucrative and profitable business in Nigeria. You need to get it right by drawing complete business plan and following it to the later. You need to apply good management skills and follow the acceptable standard. If you do all these, you are sure to make good profit from your fish farming business in Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa. Ask questions or share your experience in fish business with us through comment below.

How To Produce Liquid Soap

Liquid soap use in Nigeria is on the high use presently as many prefer to use it to wash cloth and kitchen utensils because it requires less energy. Liquid soap production in Nigeria is a good business one can venture into with less capital and start making huge money with few months. The process of formulating liquid soap remains as that of the other solid soap only that it exist as liquid. The base of the product is water. The quantity of water that is required for the production of a given volume of detergent is relatively high. It is necessary to have a good source of water supply when you want to venture into liquid soap production. In this post I will be sharing with you a step by step guide on how to produce liquid wash for home use or for the public.

Requirement For Liquid Soap

• Mixing bowl
• Buckets
• Hand glove
• Wooden spoon
• Container
• Water

Materials Needed For 40 Litres Of Liquid Detergent

• Nitrosol/Antisol/C.M.C(Carboxy methyl cellulos )…………….…….2 tin Milk cup (Very Full)
• Sulphonic Acid………………………………………………………………………. 2 Litre
• Caustic Soda………………………………………………………………………….. 2/3 tin milk cup
• Soda Ash………………………………………………………………………………...1 tin milk cup
• Texapon…………………………………………………………………………………. 11 - 20 teaspoonfuls
• Formaline(optional)…………………………………………………………………6-16 teaspoonfuls (optional)
• Perfume(fragrance)……………………………………………………………….. As desired
• SLS( Sodium Laurate Sulphate)……………………………………………… 11-20 teaspoonfuls
• Sodium Tripoyphosphate(S.T.P.P)..............................................11-20 teaspoonfuls
• Colorant………………………………………………………………………………….. As desired
• Water……………………………………………………………………………………… 35litres

Method of preparation

1. Dissolve the caustic soda with 2 litres of water and all to stay for 30minutes to 1hr or over night.
2. Dissolve soda ash in 2 litre of water and allow to stay for 30min/hr or over night.
3. Get your sulphonic acid, pour inside an empty bowl, add your perfume(fragrance) to it and the texapon, then add like 10litres of water and stir very well for about 5-10minutes
4. Dissolve the SLS with 5 tin milk cup of water
5. Dissolve the STPP with 5 tin milk cups of water also
6. Get the Nitrosol but if is C.M.C you are using, make sure it is dissolved 2 days to the preparation of the soap with 10litres of water. If you are using Nitrosol, It is used instantly(as in, no need soaking it down)

PREPARATION

1. Get the Nitrosol that has been dissolved in water or the c.mc, that has been dissolved for 2 days to the preparation of the soap.
3. Add the dissolved Sulphonic acid, texapon and perfume to either Nitrosol or C.M.C depending on the one you are using and stir very well
4. Add already dissolved Caustic soda and stir very well.
5. Add the already dissolved soda ash and stir properly
6. Add formalin to the content and stir properly.
7. Add the dissolved S.T.P.P and Stir
Add the dissolved SLS to the Content
8. Dissolve you colorant in water and ensure that the colorant is completely dissolved, then add it to the solution and stir thoroughly
9. Add some quantity of water to the mixture, depending on the thickness of the mixture. Leave the mixture for some hours or preferably till the following day and then package for use.

AFFILIATE MARKETING

Affiliate marketing is a type of performance-based marketing in which a business rewards one or more affiliates for each visitor or customer brought by the affiliate's own marketing efforts. The industry has four core players: the merchant (also known as 'retailer' or 'brand'), the network (that contains offers for the affiliate to choose from and also takes care of the payments), the publisher (also known as 'the affiliate'), and the customer. The market has grown in complexity, resulting in the emergence of a secondary tier of players, including affiliate management agencies, super-affiliates and specialized third party vendors . Affiliate marketing overlaps with other Internet marketing methods to some degree, because affiliates often use regular advertising methods. Those methods include organic search engine optimization (SEO), paid search engine marketing (PPC - Pay Per Click), e-mail marketing , content marketing and in some sense display advertising. On the other hand, affiliates sometimes use less orthodox techniques, such as publishing reviews of products or services offered by a partner.

Affiliate marketing is the process of earning a commission by promoting other people’s (or company’s) products. You find a product you like, promote it to others, and earn a piece of the profit for each sale that you make. You’re happy because you earned a commission. The company is happy because they have a new sale from a customer that they might not have normally been able to reach… And the customer is happy because they learned about a product from you that will hopefully fulfill a need or desire. The beauty of affiliate marketing is that you don’t have to invest the time and effort to create a product to sell. You can begin selling something as an affiliate as soon as you have a platform to sell it on.

There are tons of companies and webmasters using affiliate programs to boost their online sales, and most are free to join. When you sign up for an affiliate program, an affiliate link with a unique affiliate ID will be assigned to you. The affiliate link is used for marketing the products of your merchant. When a visitor buys an item through your affiliate link, you earn affiliate commission. Starting an affiliate marketing business is a great way to make extra cash!

You can begin your affiliate marking by registring with:

• CJ Affiliate by Conversant (Formerly Commission Junction)
• Rakuten LinkShare
• Amazon Associates
• ShareASale

Online Business

Avoid cubicle farms and bosses breathing down your neck by starting an online business that you can run from home. Once you start making real money, you might never turn back. Here are 7 online businesses you start and run from home

• Blog / Magazine Publishing This is one of the easiest types of online home businesses and my favorite too because I am doing it myself. All you need is to create your own blog and start writing and publishing content for it. A point to note that you need a strong fan follower and high traffic before you actually earn for your pockets which actually is not that difficult if you do it properly.
• Affiliate Marketing Another easy way to make money from home is by affiliate marketing. An online affiliate marketing is actually promoting someone else products and services on social media platforms or portals or either at their own blogs and earning huge commissions in return. Most of the top brands usually pay between 10%-30% commissions to their affiliates. All you need is to find that hot product and make others buy it or click it. Just like I am the affiliate marketer of themeforest and hostgator, you can choose your own brand depending upon your niche. Here is a great site which offers written and video lessons on how to start successful affiliate marketing. Click Here to join for free.
• Review Sites A review site generally reviews the new products and goods of some top companies and gets rewarded fixed return. It is not compulsory whether you write about its qualities or not, all you need to do is to write a good true review. For a single review post, you can easily earn between $20 to $200 or even more depending upon the niche and traffic of the website. SponseredReviews is currently one of the top networks where you can opt to write reviews.
• Community Membership sites A community membership website can be started anywhere and for anyone. It could be for your local yoga community or may be for the global truck drivers’ community or may be WordPress community where you help fellow newbies. Earning are usually made by either advertisements campaigns or by premium membership accounts.
• Designing and Developing Websites 10 years back designing and developing website was considered something difficult but now days even an elementary school pass out guy can start his own website designing company. All you need is some sort of designing skills; learning Adobe Dreamviewer or Microsoft Impressions will do that. For any new Asian, earnings will be usually lower than in western countries. If you are a freelancer , this is probably the best home based online business for you
• Online Auction Business There are so many auction sites where you can buy and sell your products with proper bids. The more someone bids, the more is your earnings. Most famous among them is the ebay.com, amazon.com . You will get some experience with the time as you hook up for your bids.
• ECommerce Stores ECommerce sites focus on selling and buying goods through the electronic medium like ebay, flipkart etc. These sites can produce huge amounts of incomes once properly started and is therefore the most profitable online business currently. Although they require a dedicated staff to manage and administrate the business but a quick start can even be initiated from a home.

Don’t forget big companies like Google, Microsoft, Ebay, Amazon was started from a single room.